ISSN: 3082-3056

The second issue of the Philippine Journal of Science, Engineering, and Technology (PJSET) continues to highlight the journal's dedication to advancing scientific discovery and technological innovation. This volume features an array of cutting-edge research articles that address critical challenges and propose novel solutions across multiple disciplines. From breakthroughs in sustainable engineering practices to advancements in digital transformation and public health technologies, these studies reflect the journal's mission to provide impactful, evidence-based contributions to both local and global scientific communities.

Editor-in-Chief
Mary Louise Rivera, RPm

Associate Editors
Dr. Ivy G. Aboy
Dr. Mona Freda S. Secondes
Prof. El Jireh P. Bibangco
Prof. Mary Gift D. Dionson
Bobby A. Rodriguez III